Alphabetic Knowledge
What is it?
Alphabetic knowledge involves knowing the letter names and corresponding sounds, as well as knowing how to form (e.g., write) the letters of the alphabet.
Why is it important?
Alphabetic knowledge supports the development of the alphabetic principle: the understanding that spoken language can be represented by symbols. This understanding is essential for students to learn how to read and spell.
What does the research say?
The fluency (i.e., speed and ease) with which students can name letters supports their reading ability. This learning can be facilitated by embedding picture mnemonics when teaching letter-sound correspondences. Research has also shown that it is important to teach alphabetic knowledge alongside phonemic awareness to best support reading and spelling development.
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What is the developmental progression of alphabet knowledge skills?
While some commercial programs (e.g., Jolly Phonics) suggest the teaching of letters in a specific sequence (e.g., s, a, t, i, p, n), the most important thing is to teach multiple letters at the same time (NOT a letter a week). The faster students learn the letter names and sounds, the faster they can apply this knowledge to decoding and spelling.
What types of PBL are best suited to supporting alphabetic knowledge development?
When new alphabet letters are first introduced, using more explicit, playful approaches such as teacher-directed play in the context of whole class learning (e.g., songs) or small group learning (e.g., games) is recommended. For continued practice with identifying letter names and sounds, free play opportunities such as puzzles, letter matching games, and making letters out of Play-Doh can help with consolidating these skills.
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